![cosmetic-botox-injection](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cosmetic-botox-injection.webp)
Explore Our Top Combo Cosmetology Courses
![top-cosmetology-courses](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/top-cosmetology-courses.webp)
Why Opt for Combo Cosmetology Courses?
- Comprehensive Skill Set: You can combine the best of different disciplines for well-rounded expertise.
- Time and Cost-Efficient: Students can save time and resources by enrolling in integrated courses covering multiple beauty and makeup aspects.
- Versatile Career Opportunities: Such courses give you a chance to equip yourself for diverse career paths within the beauty industry, from makeup artistry to advanced cosmetology.
- Perfect for Higher Secondary Passed Students: Our offered programs in the combo category are perfect for you if you are someone looking for cosmetology courses after 12th.
By enrolling in our combo beauty training programs, you can turn your passion for beauty into a successful profession and even entrepreneurship (Students can aim to become salon or beauty school owners).
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![cosmetology](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/combo-cosmetology-courses-at-orane-scaled.jpg)
Who are These Courses For?
Our combo cosmetology courses at Orane International are meticulously crafted to cater to a diverse range of individuals who share a common passion for beauty and makeup. Whether you are a beginner taking your first steps into the world of beauty or a seasoned enthusiast looking to enhance your existing skills, our combo courses are designed to meet your unique needs. These courses are ideal for:
- Aspiring Makeup Artists: Individuals dreaming of a career in makeup artistry, from creating glamorous bridal looks to mastering avant-garde editorial styles.
- Beauty Enthusiasts and Hobbyists: Those who have a keen interest in beauty and want to turn their hobby into a fulfilling profession.
- Salon and Spa Professionals: Beauty professionals already working in salons and spas who wish to elevate their skills and open doors to advanced career opportunities.
- Recent Graduates and High Secondary Passed Out: Individuals seeking a specialized and comprehensive beauty education to kickstart their career in the ever-evolving beauty industry after completing 12th and graduation can surely look into this sector.
- Career Switchers: Individuals looking to transition from other professions to the beauty and cosmetology fields.
- Entrepreneurs in the Beauty Industry: Aspiring beauty business owners who want to understand various facets of the industry to run a successful beauty enterprise.
- Government Job Aspirants: Those interested in pursuing government jobs in the beauty and cosmetology sector, leveraging our NSDC-approved courses.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![combo cosmetology training programs](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/woman-is-getting-her-hair-done-by-model-min-scaled.jpg)
Our courses offer a flexible and supportive learning environment, regardless of your background or current skill level. As stated, by completing a combo program like the diploma in cosmetology courses, the learners can look forward to a brighter and more secure future. However, this should not be heavy on the pockets; otherwise, most students cannot fulfill their dreams.
The good news is that our course cost, including the diploma in cosmetology fees, is affordable, and students can also opt for the EMI @ 0% option as well.
Join Orane International and let our combo cosmetology and related courses be the catalyst for transforming your passion into a thriving and rewarding career in the dynamic world of beauty and makeup.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Combo Courses
Post Graduate Course in Aesthetics & Professional Makeup
Post Graduate Course in Aesthetics & Professional Makeup
Duration:
15 months
Required Learning Hours:
798 Hours
Level Type:
ODQ68-Level 3
Minimum Qualification :
Graduation
![](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/nutrition-cosmetology-scaled.jpg)
Course Content
- Beauty – Basic Level I to Advanced Level III, Chemical Peels
- Hair – Basic Level I to Advanced Level III
- Nail Art – Level I and Nail Extensions Level III
- Mehndi Application – Level III
- Personality Development, Professional Image & Professional Ethics
- Client Consultation and Records
Course Details:
- A Post Graduate Diploma in Esthetics & Professional Makeup gives you a professional edge over others and makes you the first choice for top salons, hotels, modeling agencies, and celebrity makeup artists.
- The in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the fields of beauty, hair, makeup, nail art and mehandi application prepare you for not just national but international assignments too.
- This esthetic plus makeup course at Orane International covers basic to advanced levels of different aspects of the beauty industry during the fifteen-month training period. You can also take admission into this course if you want to do a professional makeup artist course.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![master-put-black](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/master-put-black-paint-models-eyebrow-beauty-salon-1-scaled.webp)
Things You Will Learn!
- The professional beauty courses begin with the basics of beauty culture like physiology and histology of the skin, micro-organisms, skin analysis, and hygiene and cover five classical movements of massage, facial massage steps, mask ingredients and their effects, steaming/vapour zone, amongst other beauty basics.
- Level II introduces you to basic face analysis, skin diseases and disorders, nail anatomy, and nail diseases & disorders.
- Basic beauty therapies like fruit facials, manicures and pedicures are covered during this stage.
- The esthetic course then advances to level III where you learn cosmetic science, various chemical ingredients, common terms of dermatology and advanced face analysis.
- You will get hands-on training on the latest beauty therapies of cosmetology by using face machines like desincrustation and ionization in galvanic facials, vacuum suction, direct and indirect high frequency, faradic facial, ultrasonic and infra-red lamps.
- You will master face treatments like deep cleansing, anti-pigmentation, anti-acne, hydrating/rejuvenating, detoxifying, bio-lifting/facial skin tightening, heat therapy as well as the latest rage in aesthetics – chemical peels like glycolic and tri chloro-acetic acid.
- Besides, you will also get to know about first aid, health & safety measures, and electricity & safety precautions.
- Under Hair Designing, your journey to becoming a pro-hair stylist begins with an introduction to the hair industry.
- Under the hair designing part of this beauty course, you’ll be imparted thorough knowledge about the structure of hair, hair and scalp disorders, tools and hygiene, sanitation and sterilization.
- You’ll gain expertise in female and male haircuts, thermal as well as wet styling, hair colouring, head henna application, and hairdos.
- You will also learn Indian head massage, and home remedies for hair conditions like hair fall, dandruff and hair dryness.
- As the course progresses towards level III, advanced knowledge about haircutting techniques for various female and male haircuts will be imparted.
- You’ll gain insight into haircuts according to face shapes.
- You will also gain a deep understanding of hair colouring, the colour wheel, and colour techniques like global colouring with fashion colour, female streaking, male streaking, grey coverage/root touchup with fashion colour, etc.
- Besides the hair spa, you will learn hair treatments with the high-frequency machine for anti-dandruff treatment with oil, and anti-hair fall treatment with the ampoule.
- You’ll acquire expertise in hair re-bonding, perming and making various trendy hairdos.
- Talking about the most glamorous part of Post Graduate Diploma in Esthetics & Professional Makeup at Orane International – Makeup, the course initiates with self-evening and day makeup.
- It moves on to cover makeup and colour theory, knowledge of various skin types, understanding of face shapes, product knowledge, tools and equipment, and sanitising makeup tools and brushes.
- At level II viz Art of Makeup, your pro-makeup journey will commence with a step-by-step application of makeup, expanding to foundation theory and creating your own makeup kit.
- You’ll acquire hands-on expertise for performing glossy makeup, party day/evening makeup, engagement makeup, reception makeup, Indian ethnic bridal look day/ night, eyelash application and groom makeup.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![master-put-black](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/master-put-black-paint-models-eyebrow-beauty-salon-1-scaled.webp)
Things You Will Learn!
- The makeup course is comprehensive because all makeup looks are taught with complementary hairstyles and clothing.
- Professional makeup, aka Level III covers, puts the spotlight on fine details like how to check the client’s skin tone and complexion and how to select makeup colours according to skin tone.
- You’ll acquire knowledge of neutralizers as well as learn contouring and corrections for the lips, nose, eyebrows and eyes.
- You will also learn how to choose the perfect eyeliner, as well as the application and removal of false eyelashes.
- You’ll understand the importance of a makeup chart and how to work on it besides gaining an understanding of colour harmonies.
- You will learn the following advanced makeup looks:
- Red Carpet Look
- Media Makeup look
- Fantasy Look
- Cut, Burn, Bleeding Look
- Modern Bridal Look
- Bronze Tan Look
- Runway/Catwalk Look
- The following Eye Make-up Techniques will be covered:
- Fan Shape
- Snow Globe Eye Shadow
- Cat Eye Shadow
- Smokey Eyes
- Cut Crease
- The course curriculum for Nail Art and Nail Extensions is extensive at Orane International School of Hair, Skin and Makeup.
- At level I, you will learn about characters, brushwork, glitter work, marble work, and needlework, besides knowing different nail shapes, nail polish use, and accessory use.
- Level II will train you on advanced nail art techniques like acrylic colour, sponge work, foil work, latex, stamping, newspaper art, water declare and dotting tools.
- At level III, you will be introduced to acrylic and gel nail extensions, for which you will separately gain expertise in clear job, French tip, refilling and removal.
- The PG Diploma in Esthetics & Professional Makeup is designed comprehensively at Orane International and covers mehandi application training too.
- You will learn the basics like the making of a cone, preparation of mehandi, mehendi application and mehandi characters.
- You will gain expertise as a mehandi artist for different styles of mehandi designs, viz Rajasthani, Arabic, Bridal and Pakistani mehandi.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Career Opportunities
- The Postgraduate Diploma in Esthetics & Professional Makeup opens new horizons in the beauty and glam world like no other course.
- This esthetic course that combines with a makeup curriculum transforms you into a complete beautician, esthetician, skilled cosmetologist, hairstylist, pro-makeup expert, nail artist and mehndi artist.
- Investing your 15 months in this vocational, job-oriented course will help you establish yourself at dermatology clinics, top-notch beauty & hair salons, nail bars, hotels & retreat centres, and the Bollywood & fashion worlds.
- After doing this makeup course, you can either work as a freelance beauty expert or makeup artist or set up your own beauty parlour, heading the team like a boss who knows it all.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Advanced Diploma in Aesthetics & Hair Designs
Advanced Diploma in Aesthetics & Hair Designs
Duration :
1 Year
Course Code :
ODQ2-Level 3
Required Learning Hours:
640 hours
Minimum Qualification :
Class 10th passed and above
![Aesthetics](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Aesthetics-scaled.jpg)
Course Content
- Beauty – Level I to Level III
- Hair – Level I to Level III
- Makeup – Level I to Level II
- Nail Art – Level I
- Mehandi Application
- Personality Development
- Professional Ethics
Course Details:
- From tip to toe, become a complete beauty expert with Orane International Advanced Diploma in Aesthetics & Hair Designs.
- This beauty aesthetics course covers basic to advanced levels of beauty, hair and makeup, thereby empowering you with a skill set that’s vast and unmatchable.
- Under the beauty segment, the course commences from basics like cleansing to facials, manicures, pedicures, superficial hair removal techniques, etc and concludes with advanced skin treatments like glycolic peels, galvanic facials and more.
- Students don’t need to attend hair styling classes or professional hair styling courses since ADAHD covers them comprehensively.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![hair design](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/hair-design.jpg)
Things You Will Learn!
- The hair design course part of ADAHD imparts training on hygiene, sanitation & sterilisation of various hair styling tools and begins with basics like the anatomy of hair and scalp, introduction to hair disorders, basic haircare with shampoo and conditioning, head massage etc.
- A wide range of thermal styling techniques, hair colouring, haircuts, hairdos and hairstyles are covered under the hairstyling course part of ADAHAD, followed by cosmetic professional treatments for hair loss, dandruff and hair spa.
- The Advanced Diploma in Aesthetics & Hair Designs at Orane International School of Hair, Skin & Makeup also covers basic to professional levels of makeup (Level 1 & Level -2) and nail art, besides bridal Mehandi application and body massage.
- Throughout the coursework that follows 60% practical and 40% theoretical pedagogy, Oranians are trained on soft skills for overall personality development and professional image building.
- Upon successful completion of the course, our placement team assists the trainees in making their entry into the booming beauty industry of India as certified aestheticians, hair designers, beauty therapists or cosmetologists.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Career Opportunities:
Advanced Diploma in Aesthetics & Hair Designs (ADAHD) opens the doorways of dermatology clinics, top beauty parlours, hair salons, hotels, and rejuvenation centres where successful trainees can join as aestheticians, cosmetologists, hairstylists and makeup artists.
Best Suited For:
New entrants who want to make a career in the beauty and wellness domain can gain an edge over others by pursuing this aesthetics course that combines hair design at the nearest Orane International.
This beauty course is also well crafted for beauty salon owners who wish to gain professional prowess in all aspects of beauty, hair, and makeup.
Successful trainees who complete this aesthetic course that combines hair design and hair styling can also work as freelance beauticians in the world of glamour, fashion weeks, and the film industry.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Post Graduate Diploma In Cosmetology
Post Graduate Diploma in Cosmetology
Duration :
1 ½ Year
Course Code :
ODQ1-Level 3
Required Learning Hours:
908 hours
Minimum Qualification :
Class 10th passed and above
![cosmetology](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/beautician-with-female-client-salon-face-care-routine-min-scaled.jpg)
Course Content
- Beauty – Level I to Level III
- Hair – Level I to Level III
- Makeup – Level I to Level III
- Nail Art – Level I and Level III
- Mehndi Application
- Body Therapy Level III
- Spa Therapy Level III
- Soft Skills, Personality Development, Professional Image & Professional Ethics
- Client Record and Analysis Sheets
- Salon Management.
Course Details:
Cosmetology courses provide comprehensive professional training, preparing students to embark on a rewarding career in the beauty industry. These courses cover a wide range of topics, including hair styling, makeup artistry, skincare techniques, nail care, and the intricate art of salon management.
- Cosmetology is as much an art as science.
- With a Post Graduate Diploma in Cosmetology (PGDC) at Orane International, you can master both.
- Cosmetology presents exciting career options in the beauty and wellness industry for young beauty enthusiasts.
- The cosmetology course covers basic to advanced and professional levels of technical expertise in beauty, hair, makeup, nail art,
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![post graduate diploma in cosmetology](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/beauty-salon-photos-min-scaled.jpg)
Things You Will Learn!
Cosmetology courses provide comprehensive professional training, preparing students to embark on a rewarding career in the beauty industry. These courses cover a wide range of topics, including hair styling, makeup artistry, skincare techniques, nail care, and the intricate art of salon management.
- The course initiates with the basics of beauty therapy, imparting knowledge on the physiology and histology of the skin, the impact of microbes, how to do skin analysis, hygiene factors, sterilisation and sanitation.
- Trainees learn basic beauty therapies like bleach, cleansing, facials, and face packs and progress to manicures, pedicures, and hair removal techniques.
- The Post Graduate Diploma in Cosmetology (PGDC) is one f the best cosmetologist courses in India and it ultimately leads to training students on advanced beauty treatments like-
- Glycolic
- Trichloro-acetic acid chemical peels
- Disincrustation and ionization galvanic facials
- Direct and indirect high-frequency treatment
- Facial faradic and thermo herb treatments as well as beauty treatments using vacuum suction infrared infra-red lamp and ultrasonic means to gift glowing and flawless skin to their clients.
- Trainees are introduced to the anatomy of hair and scalp and learn the basics of hair design with shampoo, conditioning, Indian head massage and sectioning.
- The course progresses towards thermal styling techniques including ironing, crimping, tonging, blow-drying, hot rollers, velcro roller setting and waving.
- The latest, as well as conventional hairdos and haircuts, are taught, along with hair colouring, henna application and herbal hair treatments.
- The advanced level covers haircuts like uniform layers, multilayers, disconnected layers and various haircuts specific to male and female clients.
- The professional-level hair colouring techniques of different female streaking and male streaking styles are taught to the participants to make them the hair pros they aspire to be.
- Oranians get hands-on practice for specific cosmetic hair treatments for dandruff, hair loss and hair spa.
- The hairdos covered in the advanced and final levels of the course cover various styles of braids, font styles, open hairstyles and buns that add to the crowning glory of women, whether for their wedding, party or ramp.
- The makeup curriculum evolves from teaching self-makeup to the participants and covers corrective makeup, day dew/glossy look makeup, engagement look, bridal look, and reception look without missing the groom’s makeup.
- Once participants ace these looks, they learn professional makeup skills that cover five types of eye makeup, red carpet look, fantasy makeup, media makeup look, modern look, bridal look and bronze tan look, amongst others.
- During the Post Graduate Diploma in Cosmetology, participants also learn the basic and advanced techniques of nail art and extensions.
- Different styles of mehndi are covered, including Rajasthani, Arabic, Bridal and Pakistani mehndi art.
- When it comes to body and Spa therapies, a cosmetologist has to be well versed in the human skeleton system, muscular system and lymphatic system.
- Thorough knowledge is imparted to trainees on the aforementioned topics to make them understand the basic functionalities of our systems and how different massage techniques impact them to get the desired results.
- While in body therapy, this cosmetology course covers G-5, body faradic, and vacuum suction techniques apart from nutrition and exercise; in spa therapy, they are trained on body wraps, scrub and polishing, spa manicure, spa pedicure, Swedish massage, potli massage, reflexology and Indian head massage.
- It also covers various aspects of aromatherapy, including aroma body massage, aroma facials, aroma manicures, and aroma pedicures.
If you liked what you just read, then let us assure you that this is just the tip of the iceberg and the course is the best cosmetologist course in India. The entire course curriculum has much more for the participants that will equip them to take their professional journeys successfully!
The placement team at Orane International School of Hair, Skin & Makeup works tirelessly to ensure that our successful trainees attain financial freedom by getting the right job where they can explore their professional skillset and take their careers to new heights.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Career Opportunities
Orane International’s Post Graduate Diploma in Cosmetology (PGDC) is a comprehensive cosmetology course. It equips beauty professionals to apply for job opportunities at cosmetology centres, derma clinics, top beauty parlours in the country, salons, spa and rejuvenation centres, and nail art studios, or work as assistants with celebrity makeup artists or skin doctors.
Best Suited For:
Budding beauty and fashion industry enthusiasts who aim to acquire professional expertise, as well as a high-worth certificate, must enrol in the Post Graduate Diploma in Cosmetology, as this is the most sought-after job-oriented vocational training cosmetology course that is a league ahead of the conventional academic courses of the Indian education system.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Masters in Cosmetology
Masters in Cosmetology
Duration:
2 years
Required Learning Hours:
1466 hours
Level Type:
Class 10th passed and above
Minimum Qualification :
Class 10th passed and above
Course Content
![Body-1-min-1](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Body-1-min-1.jpg)
- Beauty Therapy – Level I to Level III
- Hair Designing – Level I to Level IV
- Makeup – Level I to Level IV
- Nail Art – Level I
- Nail Extensions – Level III & IV
- Mehndi Application
- Body Therapy – Level III
- Spa Therapy – Level III
Here are the topics covered in this aesthetic course:
Course Details:
- There’s a lot that goes into the making of a cosmetologist
- With Orane International Masters in Cosmetology course, you will be preparing yourself for a reputable, high-growth and highly rewarding career in the booming global beauty industry
- A cosmetologist follows a holistic approach to attaining beauty in his/her clients.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Things You Will Learn!
- During your two-year Masters in Cosmetology course, you will be trained on the physiology and histology of skin, skin analysis, face analysis, skin diseases and disorders, anatomy of hair and scalp, hair disorders, understanding face shapes, nail shapes, the human skeleton system, muscular system, lymphatic system, nutrition and so on
- Under the beauty segment of this beauty course, you’ll master the art of basic and advanced facials, manicures, pedicures, hair removal, and various beauty treatments, including:
- Facial Galvanic – Disincrustation
- Facial Galvanic – Ionization
- Vacuum Suction & Infra-red lamp
- High frequency – Direct & Indirect
- Facial faradic + Thermo herb
- Ultrasonic
- Glycolic Chemical Peels
- Tri Chloro-Acetic Acid Chemical Peels
- In the hair segment, the course will train you on thermal styling, hair colouring techniques, media hairstyles, hairdos, hair extensions, keratin & flex treatments, straight therapy/silk therapy – rebonding/smoothening (male), besides the quintessential Indian head massage and herbal treatments
- You will also gain hands-on practise on cosmetic professional hair treatments for dandruff and hair loss, as well as how to give the best hair spa to your clients.
- You will be taught salon management and client record maintenance and handling
- You don’t need to go for a separate hair-cutting course, as you’ll master over 30 different on-trend as well as conventional haircuts, including:
- Uniform Layers
- Graduation
- Basic Concave
- Long Shake
- Razor
- Multi Layers
- Triangular Graduation
- Disconnected Layers
- A-Line Bob (Female)
- Round Textured Bob (Female)
- Stepped Bob (Female)
- Flat Graduation (Male)
- Classic Stacker (Male)
- Clipper Guard (Male)
- Layers Square
- Blended Elevation
- High Graduation
- Round / Diamond / Translucent Layering
- Antea
- Iren and many more
- This course is a complete makeup course in itself, and in its makeup classes, you will learn advanced makeup techniques like face sculpting, creating a flawless base, and so on.
- If you are Googling for searches like “pro-level makeup artist course near me” online, this course is perfect for you. By the time you complete the Masters in Cosmetology course, you will be a pro-makeup artist with expertise in the following makeup looks:
- Glamour and Bollywood Makeup
- Catwalk Makeup
- Makeup for Black and White Photography
- Retro Makeup
- Fashion Editorial Makeup
- Camouflage Makeup – Pigmentation/Blemishes – Scars – Vitiligo – Tattoo
- Brides – Indian Traditional – Catholic Bride
- Metallic Makeup
- Yellow Makeup
- Khaliji Makeup (Silicon Base)
- Airbrush Makeup
- 5 types of Eye makeup and eyelash application
- Red Carpet look
- Media Makeup look
- Fantasy
- Cut, burn, bleeding
- Modern Bridal Look
- Bronze Tan look
- Corrective Make-up (nose, eyes, lips)
- Day Dew Natural look / glossy look
- Day Party / Evening
- Engagement / Shagun look
- Reception look
- Indian Ethnic Bridal look day/night and eyelash application
- Groom Makeup
- As a cosmetologist, you’ll also master the latest techniques of nail art and nail extensions, besides learning how to add magic to client’s hands with different mehndi styles
- The Masters in Cosmetology course concludes with body therapy and spa therapy, wherein you will become one of the most reliable masseuses, nutritionists, and exercise experts with a thorough understanding of personal health and hygiene.
- You’ll gain practical as well as theoretical knowledge of body wraps, scrubs, polishing, Swedish massage, aromatherapy, reflexology, and potli massage, amongst various other beauty and spa treatments
To sum it up, this course is right up there among the best cosmetology courses in India. During the two years when you pursue this course, you will be transformed into a beauty professional who is an expert in not just one, two or three aspects of beauty, but the entire body, from superficial to skin deep
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![Body-1-min-1](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Body-1-min-1.jpg)
Career Opportunities:
The Masters in Cosmetology is a comprehensive cosmetology course that nurtures you as a thorough cosmetologist who is a trained professional in the vibrant branches of the beauty and wellness domain.
There’s no dearth of high-paying jobs for cosmetologists in derma clinics, spa centres, nail studios, hair salons and beauty parlours
Candidates holding a Master’s in Cosmetology can establish themselves as independent makeup artists as well as beauty consultants
Best Suited For:
This is one of the finest cosmetology courses in India Budding beauticians who want to reinvent their career in the most rewarding beauty industry must enrol in the Masters in Cosmetology course.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Diploma in Cosmetology
Diploma in Cosmetology
Duration:
7 months
Required Learning Hours:
307 hours
Level Type:
ODQ62-Level 2
Minimum Qualification :
Class 10th passed and above
Course Content
![professional cosmetologist](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Professional-cosmetologist-scaled.jpg)
- Beauty – Level I to Level II
- Hair – Level I to Level II
- Makeup – Level I to Level II
Introduction
Do you wish to launch your career as a Cosmetologist and start earning early in life? Are you a beautician who wants to take her career to the next level? We have the perfect cosmetology course for you! With a Diploma in Cosmetology from Orane International, you can acquire professional skills in beauty, hair, and makeup and take the first step in the booming beauty and wellness industry of India.
The demand for certified cosmetologists is high in the country as well as abroad. With a Diploma in Cosmetology from Orane International, you will have the right skill set and a valuable diploma certification to your credit.
Course Details
Beauty is skin-deep and during the seven-month Diploma in Cosmetology course, you will learn about the physiology and histology of skin, skin analysis, how microorganisms disrupt our skin, the meaning of cosmetic science and different skin/nail diseases and disorders.
This cosmetology course begins with beauty basics like the shaping of eyebrows, bleaching, cleansing, exfoliation, facial massage steps, and facial masks. This concludes with hands-on training on basic and paraffin facials, manicures, pedicures, and superficial hair removal techniques. After learning these beauty skills, you will be a pro at nurturing serene, radiant, and smooth skin for your clients.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Things You Will Learn!
On the hair front, you’ll be introduced to hairdressing, the anatomy of hair and scalp, and various hair disorders, besides basics like shampoo and conditioning, sectioning, and Indian head massage.
You’ll also be trained on preparation and maintenance of the work area, hygiene, sanitation, & sterilisation, as well as health, safety, hazards, and risks while working in a salon setting.
Don’t opt for any other hair-cutting course since you’ll learn more than 11 haircuts, including –
- Straight cut
- U-cut & V-cut
- Hair Trimming
- Removing split end
- Basic layer
- Feather
- Reverse graduation
- Blunt cut (baby girl)
- Basic bob cut (female)
Just like haircutting, you don’t need to take any other separate hairstyling course while doing this diploma in cosmetology since it encompasses everything you need. Keeping up with the latest trends in hairstyles, you will learn the craft of making over 15 different styles of braids, hair buns, and font styles.
The Diploma in Cosmetology also covers hair colouring and henna application, as well as herbal treatments for lustrous and problem-free hair.
Beauty without a touch of glitz and glamour is incomplete, and so is a cosmetologist or beautician who doesn’t possess the art of makeup!
During the Diploma in Cosmetology at Orane International, you’ll not only learn self-makeup for day and evening looks but also learn about things like colour theory, foundation theory, and usage of different products, tools and equipment, besides understanding different face shapes.
By the time you wrap up this cosmetology course, you’ll become an expert makeup artist in corrective make-up (nose, eyes, lips), day dew natural look / glossy look, day party/evening look, engagement / shagun look, reception look, Indian ethnic, bridal look day/night eyelash application, as well as groom makeup.
The soft skills and overall personality of a cosmetologist are as important as the technical skills and professional prowess. Thereby, during your Diploma in Cosmetology at Orane International, we will train you on personality development and understanding of professional ethics.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![beauty cosmetologist](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/beauty-cosmetology-scaled.jpg)
Career Opportunities
The Diploma in Cosmetology at Orane International makes you job-ready and opens doors to derma clinics, cosmetology centres, top-notch beauty parlours, and hair salons. This is a short-term cosmetology course, and successful candidates can also work as freelance beauty consultants and makeup artists.
Best Suited For:
The Diploma in Cosmetology course is essential for beauty enthusiasts who want to kickstart their career in not ordinary beauty parlours but the most sought-after beauty salons, hair studios, or cosmetology clinics. Beauticians with beginner-level experience must join this course to give wings to their career.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Advanced Diploma in Cosmetology
Advanced Diploma in Cosmetology
Duration:
9 months
Required Learning Hours:
454 hours
Level Type:
ODQ3-Level 3
Minimum Qualification :
Class 10th passed and above
Course Content
![advanced cosmetologist](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/advanced-cosmetologist-scaled.jpg)
- Beauty – Level I to Level III
- Hair – Level I to Level III
- Makeup – Level I
Course Details
An Advanced Diploma in cosmetology course empowers you to launch your professional career in the beauty and wellness domain right after you complete school. During this eight months course, you’ll gain expertise in beauty treatments,hairstyles, & hair care, besides learning how to do self-makeup. While pursuing an Advanced Diploma in Cosmetology at Orane International, you will ace all three aspects of cosmetology,viz., beauty, hair, and makeup.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Things You Will Learn!
- In the beauty segment of this cosmetology course, you will be thoroughly trained on a theoretical and practical curriculum that covers cosmetology, skin analysis, the importance of hygiene, sterilization & sanitation, physiology and histology of the skin and how microorganisms interact and disrupt various types of skin.
- The course starts with basics like bleach, preparation of facial, facial massage steps, cleansing routine, exfoliation, toning, moisturizing and different face masks/packs, steaming/vapor zone etc.
- During this beauty course, you’ll acquire expertise in basic fruit and paraffin facials, manicures and pedicures, as well as superficial hair removal techniques.
- You’ll also be introduced to cosmetic science, and various nail diseases & disorders and skin diseases & disorders.
- By the end of this beautician course, you will master advanced beauty treatments like –
- Galvanic facial – desincrustation / ionization.
- Vacuum suction & infra-red lamp.
- High frequency – direct & indirect.
- Facial faradic + thermo herb.
- Ultrasonic, glycolic and tri chloro-acetic acid chemical peels.
- In the hair course segment, you will be acquainted with hairdressing, the anatomy of hair and scalp, hair disorders along with tools knowledge, hygiene, sanitation & sterilization, health, safety, hazards and risk.
- The training will begin with basics like shampoo and conditioning, Indian head massage and sectioning of all types.
- Thermal styling techniques like ironing, crimping, tonging, blow-drying, hot rollers, velcro rollers setting and waving will be covered and you will also gain hands-on expertise in hair straightening and perming.
- This cosmetology course will impart the knowledge you generally receive in an in-depth hair haircutting course. The course will cover more than 25 on-trend and traditional haircuts, including:
- Uniform Layers
- Graduation
- Basic Concave
- Long Shake
- Razor
- Multi Layers
- Triangular Graduation
- Disconnected Layers
- A-Line Bob (Female)
- Round Textured Bob (Female)
- Stepped Bob (Female)
- Flat Graduation (Male)
- Classic Stacker (Male)
- Clipper Guard (Male)
- Straight Cut
- U Cut
- V Cut
- Hair Trimming
- Removing Split Ends
- Basic Layer
- Feather
- Reverse Graduation
- Blunt Cut (Baby Girl)
- Basic Bob Cut (Female)
- Scissors Over Comb (Basic Male Cut)
- The art of hair colouring will be taught to you, beginning from basic knowledge of colouring, colour wheel and global colouring with a base colour.
- You will be taught global colouring with fashion colour, female streaking – weaving/slice/chunk/tipping /duo, and male streaking – frosting /foil/freehand.
- Under haircare, you will be taught herbal treatment, head henna application, professional deep conditioning and cosmetic professional treatments for conditions like dandruff and hair loss, hair spa.
- Don’t opt for any hair designing course, as this course will transform you into a thorough hairdresser. You’ll be taught more than 30 hairstyles that’ll cover different braids, hair buns, font styles and open hairstyles.
- Apart from the above-mentioned technical knowledge, we’ll groom your professional image and personality while making you an expert in salon management, client record and analysing sheets and teaching you how to prepare and maintain the work area.
In the makeup segment, you’ll gain expertise in self-day and evening makeup.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![advanced cosmetologist](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/advanced-cosmetologist-scaled.jpg)
Career Opportunities
Advanced Diploma in Cosmetology course at Orane International opens a plethora of work opportunities at derma clinics, cosmetology centres, beauty schools, beauty parlours and hair salons. You may also take the entrepreneurial route and launch your own beauty parlour or work as a freelance cosmetologist or hairstylist.
Best Suited For:
The Advanced Diploma in Cosmetology is a perfect job-oriented course for new entrants in the beauty and wellness domain who do not want to waste years in beauty parlours learning the craft without in-depth guidance when they can just devote seven months and become professionals that are highly in demand.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Certificate in Cosmetology
Certificate in Cosmetology
Duration:
3 Months
Required Learning Hours:
154 Hours
Level Type:
OCQ 63
Course Details:
The Certificate in Cosmetology course at Orane International Company offers a comprehensive curriculum that covers a wide range of beauty and makeup techniques. With a blend of theory and practical training, this course equips you with the skills needed to excel in cosmetology.
Things You Will Learn!
![woman-getting-treatment](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/woman-getting-treatment-hairdresser-shop-4-1-scaled.jpg)
BEAUTY THERAPY (PRACTICAL ONLY):
- Hygiene
- Sterilization & Sanitation
- Threading
- Bleach
- Exfoliation
MAKEUP – BASIC (LEVEL-1, CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING, AND PRACTICAL):
- Self-Day Makeup
- Teenage Makeup
- Toning
- Moisturizing
- Steaming/Vapozone
- Basic Manicure
- Basic Pedicure
- Waxing
- Basic Facial
ART OF MAKEUP (LEVEL-II – THEORY):
- History of Makeup
- Knowledge of Skin Types
- Makeup and Color Wheel Theory
- Product Knowledge
- Tools and Equipment
- Sanitizing Makeup Tools & Brushes
- Foundation Theory (Kryolan)
- Supraderma
HAIR DESIGNING (PRACTICAL ONLY):
- Sectioning (all types)
- Shampoo
- Conditioning
- Thermal Hair Styling:
- Straightening Irons
- Crimpers
- Curling Tongs
- Blow Drying Techniques
HAIRCUTS (CONCEPT, UNDERSTANDING, & PRACTICAL):
- Female Hair Cuts
- Understanding Face Shapes
- Face Contouring and Corrective Makeup (Nude Look)
- Applying Basic Eyeliner
- Applying Strip Eyelashes
- Step-by-Step Makeup Application
- Day Party/Evening Party Makeup
- Engagement Makeup
- Special Occasion (Half-Cocktail) Makeup
- Reception Look
- Indian Ethnic Bridal Look (Day/Night)
- Groom Makeup
HAIR STYLING:
- Wet Styling with Velcro Rollers
- Braiding Techniques (2 Strands)
- Lehenga-Dupatta Draping (25 Styles)
- Creating Your Own Makeup Kit (All Makeup Looks taught with Complementing Hair Styles and Dress)
- Saree Draping (4 Styles):
- Straightening Irons
- Crimpers
- Curling Tongs
- Blow Drying Techniques
HAIR BUNS:
- Traditional Bun
- Puff
- Apple
- French
- Multiple Rolls
- Pig Tails
BASIC HAIR STYLING (LEVEL-I AND II):
- Thermal Styling with Hot Rollers
- Wavers
In the makeup segment, you’ll gain expertise in self-day and evening makeup.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Career Opportunities
Upon successful completion of the Certificate in Cosmetology, you’ll be equipped with the skills and knowledge to pursue various exciting career paths in the cosmetology industry, including but not limited to:
- Makeup Artist
- Hairstylist
- Beauty Consultant
- Salon Manager
- Cosmetology Instructor
- Wedding and Bridal Makeup Specialist
- Fashion Show Makeup Artist
Start your journey towards a fulfilling and innovative career with the best cosmetology course, which includes everything you will learn if you enroll in top-notch makeup, beauty, hair-designing, and hair-cutting classes.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
Certificate in Basic Beauty and Hair Designing
Certificate in Basic Beauty and Hair Designing
Duration:
1.5 Months
Required Learning Hours:
80 Hours
Level Type:
OCQ 8
Course Details
The Certificate in Cosmetology course at Orane International Company offers a comprehensive curriculum that covers a wide range of beauty and makeup techniques. With a blend of theory and practical training, this course equips you with the skills needed to excel in cosmetology.
Things You Will Learn!
BEAUTY THERAPY (PRACTICAL ONLY):
- Hygiene
- Sterilization & Sanitation
- Threading
- Bleach
- Exfoliation
MAKEUP – BASIC (LEVEL-1, CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING, AND PRACTICAL):
- Self-Day Makeup
- Teenage Makeup
- Toning
- Moisturizing
- Steaming/Vapozone
- Basic Manicure
- Basic Pedicure
- Waxing
- Basic Facial
ART OF MAKEUP (LEVEL-II – THEORY):
- History of Makeup
- Knowledge of Skin Types
- Makeup and Color Wheel Theory
- Product Knowledge
- Tools and Equipment
- Sanitizing Makeup Tools & Brushes
- Foundation Theory (Kryolan)
- Supraderma
HAIR DESIGNING (PRACTICAL ONLY):
- Sectioning (all types)
- Shampoo
- Conditioning
- Thermal Hair Styling:
- Straightening Irons
- Crimpers
- Curling Tongs
- Blow Drying Techniques
HAIRCUTS (CONCEPT, UNDERSTANDING, & PRACTICAL):
- Female Hair Cuts
- Understanding Face Shapes
- Face Contouring and Corrective Makeup (Nude Look)
- Applying Basic Eyeliner
- Applying Strip Eyelashes
- Step-by-Step Makeup Application
- Day Party/Evening Party Makeup
- Engagement Makeup
- Special Occasion (Half-Cocktail) Makeup
- Reception Look
- Indian Ethnic Bridal Look (Day/Night)
- Groom Makeup
HAIR STYLING:
- Wet Styling with Velcro Rollers
- Braiding Techniques (2 Strands)
- Saree Draping (4 Styles):
- Traditional Style
- Gujarati Style
- Paro Style
- French-Dutch
- Lehenga-Dupatta Draping (25 Styles)
- Creating Your Own Makeup Kit (All Makeup Looks taught with Complementing Hair Styles and Dress)
HAIR BUNS:
- Traditional Bun
- Puff
- Apple
- French
- Multiple Rolls
- Pig Tails
BASIC HAIR STYLING (LEVEL-I AND II):
- Thermal Styling with Hot Rollers
- Wavers
In the makeup segment, you’ll gain expertise in self-day and evening makeup.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![beauty and hair designing](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/beauty-and-hair-designing-scaled.jpg)
Career Opportunities
Upon successful completion of the Certificate in Cosmetology, you’ll be equipped with the skills and knowledge to pursue various exciting career paths in the cosmetology industry, including but not limited to:
- Makeup Artist
- Hairstylist
- Beauty Consultant
- Salon Manager
- Cosmetology Instructor
- Wedding and Bridal Makeup Specialist
- Fashion Show Makeup Artist
Start your journey towards a fulfilling and innovative career with the best cosmetology course, which includes everything you will learn if you enroll in top-notch makeup, beauty, hair-designing, and hair-cutting classes.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
National Diploma in Cosmetology
National Diploma in Cosmetology
Duration:
1 Year
Required Learning Hours:
1706 Hours (6 Hours per day)
Level Type:
ODQ71
Course Details
Step into the captivating world of beauty and cosmetics with our National Diploma in Cosmetology. This comprehensive program is meticulously crafted to empower you with the knowledge and skills essential for a flourishing career in the beauty industry. In this trans-formative journey, you’ll delve into a vast spectrum of topics and practical applications, equipping you to become a standout professional in cosmetology.
The National Diploma in Cosmetology course is a comprehensive program designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in beauty and cosmetics. In this course, you’ll embark on a journey of discovery, covering a wide range of topics and practical skills that will prepare you for a rewarding career in the beauty industry.
What You Will Learn
1. Beauty Therapy
Basics (Level I)
In this section, we delve into the foundational principles of cosmetology. You will understand nail anatomy deeply and learn to identify and address nail diseases and disorders. Additionally, we’ll cover important aspects like career opportunities, professional ethics, hygiene, communication skills, and the crucial topic of sterilization and sanitation in the salon.
- Conceptual Understanding and Practical: This part of the course will immerse you in practical skills. You’ll learn techniques such as fruit facials, dry manicures, basic pedicures, and waxing. Understanding microorganisms, skin physiology, skin diseases, and the pH scale is essential for skin care. Moreover, you will get knowledge about the shaping of eyebrows, bleaching preparation of the facial room, facial massage steps, professional cleansing procedures, toning, and moisturizing.
Basic Level II
You will learn about nail anatomy, nail diseases, and disorders. You’ll also explore various waxing methods, including hot wax, cold wax, and more.
Advance (Level III)
At the advanced level, you will dive into cosmetic science, chemical ingredients, products, and common dermatological terms. Health and safety practices, including first aid and the safe use of electricity, will be thoroughly covered.
- Facial Machines: You’ll gain insight into facial machines and their practical applications, such as Galvanic treatments, radio frequency procedures, vacuum suction, high-frequency treatments, and more. Understanding these technologies is vital to modern cosmetology.
- Advanced Face Analysis: You will advance your ability to analyze the skin, consult with clients, and maintain detailed records. Chemical peels, which are powerful tools in skincare, will also be explored.
Advanced Beauty Therapy (Level IV)
In the Advanced Beauty Therapy Level IV course, students delve into the intricacies of cutting-edge beauty treatments. The curriculum encompasses standard curriculum and training, including:
- Laser & Light Therapy Treatments: Understanding the fundamentals of skin structure as well as the significance of maintaining health and safety standards. Students also acquire vital skills in first aid, effective client care, and communication. Specific treatments like Laser and Light Hair Removal, Acne Laser, and Photo-facial are explored in depth.
- Market Survey for Shampoos/Conditions: Conducting market research to understand available hair care products.
- Pigmentation and Chemical Peels: In-depth knowledge of skin structure and health and safety practices are combined with learning about various chemical peels, including the Arginine Peel and Combination Peel,l to keep up with the latest trends.
- Radio Frequency Appliances: Introducing the concept of Radio Frequency and understanding the various appliances, treatment steps, contraindications, and the benefits of this therapy.
- Micro-Dermabrasion: Covering essential knowledge about skin structure, safety practices, first aid, client interaction, and the practical application of Micro-Dermabrasion techniques
This advanced level equips students with the expertise to perform cutting-edge beauty treatments, ensuring they meet industry standards and deliver exceptional results.
2. HAIR DESIGNING
The Hair Designing” section within the National Diploma in Cosmetology is a comprehensive journey through the world of haircare. Covering a range of essential topics, this course equips students with the expertise needed to excel in the industry. Key components include:
Basic Level I
- Introduction to the Hair Industry, exploring career opportunities
- Maintaining a Professional Image.
- Prioritizing Health, Safety, and Hygiene.
- Gaining Knowledge of Tools and their proper usage.
- Understanding the importance of Tool Sanitation and Salon Hygiene.
- Hands-on Practical Experience.
- Effective Workspace Organization.
- Mobile Trolley Setup for convenience.
- Personal and Salon Hygiene Practices.
- Mastering shampooing, Conditioning, and Indian Head Massages.
- Exploring advanced techniques in “Basic Level II.”
- Application of Head Henna.
- Proficiency with Styling Tools and Thermal Styling.
- Mastery of Cutting Techniques.
- Hair Coloring.
- Learning Home remedies for common hair issues
- Client consultation and record-keeping skills.
ADVANCED LEVEL III: THEORY AND PRACTICAL
In Advanced Level III, students delve deeper into the science and art of hair design. The curriculum includes:
- Composition of Hair: Understanding the structure of hair.
- Hair Analysis: Diagnosing hair condition and needs.
- Advanced Hair Cutting Techniques: Learning sophisticated cutting styles.
- Hair Cuts according to Face Shapes: Tailoring cuts to individual face shapes.
- Advanced Female Hair Cuts: Exploring a range of advanced styles, including Basic Concave, Long Shake, Razor Cut, Multi Layers, Triangular Graduation, Disconnected Cut, A-Line Bob, and Stepped Bob.
- Male Hair Cuts: Mastering Flat Graduation and Clipper Guard Techniques
- Hair Coloring and Color Wheel: A comprehensive study of Color theory, product formulation, highlights, lowlights, and decolorizing.
- Colour Techniques: Advanced colouring techniques, including Global with Fashion Color, Gray Coverage, Streaks, Male Streaks, and Global+ Streaks.
- Hair Treatments: Offering treatments using a High-Frequency Machine, Anti-Dandruff, Anti-Hair Fall, and Hair Spa.
- Hair Coloring: Understanding the Basics, including Global and Temporary Hair Coloring
- Home Remedies: Learning natural remedies for hair issues.
- Hair Rebonding, Perming, and Keratin: Gaining proficiency in these advanced techniques.
- Client Consultation and Record Sheets: Documenting client needs for hair fall, dandruff, and more.
- Case Studies: Applying knowledge to real-world scenarios.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![beauty and hair designing](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/beauty-and-hair-designing-scaled.jpg)
Career Opportunities
Upon successful completion of the Certificate in Cosmetology, you’ll be equipped with the skills and knowledge to pursue various exciting career paths in the cosmetology industry, including but not limited to:
- Makeup Artist
- Hairstylist
- Beauty Consultant
- Salon Manager
- Cosmetology Instructor
- Wedding and Bridal Makeup Specialist
- Fashion Show Makeup Artist
Start your journey towards a fulfilling and innovative career with the best cosmetology course, which includes everything you will learn if you enroll in top-notch makeup, beauty, hair-designing, and hair-cutting classes.
Enrollment for this program is now open!
![course-form](https://orane.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/course-form.webp)
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently asked questions already answered below.
What are Combo Cosmetology Courses?
Combo cosmetology courses are designed to give you a broad range of beauty and makeup skills in one comprehensive program. By enrolling, you’ll learn multiple disciplines like hair styling, makeup application, nail art, and skincare all in one course. This holistic approach helps you gain expertise in various areas of beauty and prepares you for diverse career opportunities.
Who Should Consider Enrolling in these Combo Courses?
These courses are ideal if you’re passionate about beauty and makeup, whether just starting or looking to enhance your existing skills. Whether you’re an aspiring makeup artist, a beauty enthusiast, a salon or spa professional, or even considering switching careers, these combo courses are tailored to fit your needs. They’re also great if you’ve recently graduated or want to build a strong foundation in the beauty industry.
What Will I Learn in these Courses?
In these courses, you’ll learn a variety of beauty skills, including:
- Basic to advanced beauty treatments: Facials, manicures, pedicures, and more.
- Hair styling techniques: Cutting, colouring, and creating various hairdos.
- Makeup artistry: From everyday looks to bridal and editorial makeup.
- Nail art: Basic designs to advanced techniques and nail extensions.
- Mehndi application: Traditional designs and techniques.
You’ll also gain insights into personality development and professional ethics, which will help you build a solid foundation for your career.
How Long do the Combo Courses Take?
The duration of Orane’s combo courses varies depending on your chosen course. For example, the Postgraduate Course in Aesthetics & Professional Makeup takes 15 months, while the Advanced Diploma in Aesthetics & Hair Designs spans 1 year. You can check the course content to see how long each course will last.
What are the Career Opportunities after Completing These Courses?
Completing these combo courses opens up a range of career opportunities for you, such as:
- Makeup artist: Working in salons, fashion shows, or media.
- Hair stylist: Offering cutting, colouring, and styling services.
- Nail technician: Providing nail art and extensions.
- Beauty therapist: Performing skincare treatments and body therapies.
- Entrepreneur: Starting your own salon or beauty business.
The skills you gain will help you explore national and international beauty industry opportunities.
Are these Combo Courses Affordable?
Yes, the courses are designed to be cost-effective. Plus, you can use EMI options to make the payment process easier. This way, you can invest in your education without financial strain.
How do I Apply for the Cosmetology Courses?
Applying is easy! Just visit the Orane International website and fill out the application form for the course you’re interested in. Most of the time, the enrollment remains open, so you can apply now and start your journey towards a successful career in beauty and makeup.
Does Cosmetology Have Scope?
Absolutely! Cosmetology has a vast scope and continues to grow as the beauty industry evolves. With increasing demand for beauty services and the rise of social media influencers, there are significant opportunities for skilled professionals in this field. Whether you’re interested in working in salons, fashion, media, or even starting your own business, the possibilities are endless.
What are the Jobs after Cosmetology?
After completing a cosmetology course, you can explore various job opportunities, including:
- Salon and Spa Professional: Providing beauty treatments and services.
- Makeup Artist: Working in film, television, fashion, or bridal makeup.
- Hair Stylist: Offering haircuts, colouring, and styling services.
- Nail Technician: Specialising in nail care and art
- Beauty Consultant: Advising clients on beauty products and techniques.
- Salon Owner: Running your own beauty business.
- Freelancer: Offering beauty services on a freelance basis.
Each of these roles can lead to a fulfilling career with diverse opportunities for growth and specialisation.